Functional outcomes and satisfaction rates of sacral nerve stimulation in the treatment of one and multiples pelvic floor dysfunctions

Objective: Few studies have addressed the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in the treatment of patients with multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD). So, we evaluated the functional outcomes and level of satisfaction with SNS in selected patients with one or multiples PFD. Methods: A prospective database was used to collect information on eligible patients treated for PFD with SNS, and severity of symptoms was assessed with scores and satisfaction rates by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and by the end of follow-up. Results: We recruited 70 patients, 98.6% of whom responded positively during the evaluation period (Global Response Assessment ≥ 50% for at least one type of PFD), resulting in the implantation of a permanent SNS device. Additionally, 49 of the patients (71%) had a single PFD (fecal incontinence [FI] = 38; constipation/obstructed defecation syndrome [C/ODS] = 11), while 20 (29%) had more than one PFD (double incontinence/n = 12; double incontinence + C/ODS/n = 8). All scores improved significantly between baseline (pre-SNS) and the end of follow-up (post-SNS), as did VAS in all groups (single and multiple PFD). The pre-SNS scores were higher in patients with a single PFD, including FI (Cleveland clinic Florida incontinence score [CCF-FI]) and C/ODS (Cleveland clinic constipation score [C-CCF] and the Renzi ODS score). The pre-SNS impact of VAS scores was similar in all groups (single and multiple PFD), but the VAS (post-SNS) was significantly lower (better response) for FI alone compared with multiple PFD. Conclusion: The SNS technique is an effective and safe option for patients with one or more PFD refractory to conservative measures. Response was positive for at least two PFD, based on reduced correspondent scores and satisfaction rate. (AU)

O uso da estimulação transcraniana como tratamento na reabilitação motora de criança com paralisia cerebral - projeto de estudo de caso / El uso de la estimulación transcraneal como tratamiento en la rehabilitación motora de un niño con parálisis cerebral -un proyecto de estudio de caso / The use of transcranial stimulation as a treatment in the motor rehabilitation of a child with cerebral palsy -a case study projec

RESUMO A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) também denominada como encefalopatia crônica não-progressiva da infância é consequência de lesões não progressivas que aconteceram no cérebro imaturo no período pré, peri ou pós-natal, afetando o sistema nervoso central em fase de maturação estrutural e funcional. O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo de caso com características de Pesquisa Experimental, Intervencional, onde foi realizado um protocolo de duas sessões semanais, com tempo de atendimento de 40 minutos, num total de 20 (vinte) sessões. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu de estimulação transcraniana e teve como objetivo geral investigar os efeitos da ETCC, associada à cinesioterapia e ativação dos neurônios espelhos, na reabilitação de uma criança com paralisia cerebral, sexo masculino, 54 meses de idade cronológica, grau moderado de hipotonia muscular em membros inferiores, movimentos voluntários com debilidade de força muscular; escoliose dorso-lombar e pontuação zero na Escala de Mobilidade Funcional e Asworth Modificada. O Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS) apresentou-se com classificação nível V, limitação na habilidade de manter as posturas anti-gravitacionais da cabeça e tronco e de controlar os movimentos de braços e pernas. Índice de Barthel Modificado com pontuação 11- classificação de dependência severa. A escala Denver II com prejuízos significativos nos domínios: pessoal-social, motor fino adaptativo, linguagem e motor grosso.

RESUMEN La parálisis cerebral (PC) también denominada como encefalopatía crónica no progresiva de la infancia es consecuencia de lesiones no progresivas que ocurrieron en el cerebro inmaduro en el periodo pre, peri o post-natal, afectando el sistema nervioso central en la fase de maduración estructural y funcional. El presente trabajo trata de un estudio de caso con características de investigación experimental, intervencional, donde fue realizado un protocolo de dos sesiones semanales de cuarenta minutos, con un total de veinte (20) sesiones. El protocolo terapéutico consistió en una estimulación transcraniana y tuvo como objetivo general, investigar los efectos de la ETCC, asociada a la cinesioterapia y activación de las neuronas espejo, en la rehabilitación de un niño con parálisis cerebral de 54 meses de edad cronológica, grado moderado de hipertonía muscular en miembros inferiores, movimientos voluntarios con debilidad de fuerza muscular; escoliosis dorsolumbar y puntuación cero en la escala de Movilidad Fun.

ABSTRACT Cerebral Palsy (CP) also known as chronic non-progressive encephalopathy of childhood is a consequence of non-progressive lesions that occurred in the immature brain in the pre, peri or postnatal period, affecting the central nervous system in a phase of structural maturation and functional. The present work is a case study with characteristics of Experimental, Interventional Research, where a protocol of two weekly sessions was carried out, with a service time of 40 minutes, in a total of 20 (twenty) sessions. The therapeutic protocol consisted of transcranial stimulation and aimed to investigate the effects of tDCS, associated with kinesiotherapy and activation of mirror neurons, in the rehabilitation of a 54-month-old male child with cerebral palsy, moderate degree of muscular hypotonia in the lower limbs, voluntary movements with weak muscular strength; dorsolumbar scoliosis and zero score on the Functional Mobility and Modified Asworth Scale. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) has a level V classification, limiting the ability to maintain antigravity postures of the head and trunk and to control arm and leg movements. Modified Barthel Index with score 11- severe dependency rating. The Denver II scale with significant impairments in the following domains: personal-social, adaptive fine motor, language and gross motor.

Utilização da fisioterapia na reabilitação de bezerro com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular: relato de caso / Use of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of calves with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis: case report / Uso de la fisioterapia en la rehabilitación de un ternero con poliartritis y parisia neuromuscular: reporte de caso

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

Alternativa factible para la neuroestimulación intraoperatoria durante la cirugía del plexo braquial / Feasible alternative for intraoperative neurostimulation during brachial plexus surgery

Introducción: La neuroestimulación intraoperatoria constituye una técnica esencial durante la cirugía del plexo braquial, pues permite la identificación específica de las estructuras neurales. En determinadas circunstancias, la intensidad precisa de la estimulación nerviosa y la respuesta motora evocada, las cuales son fundamentales para la toma de decisiones críticas durante el acto quirúrgico. Objetivo: Describir la utilización de un neuroestimulador de anestesia regional para la localización neural intraoperatoria durante la cirugía del plexo braquial en dos pacientes. Presentación de casos: Caso 1: paciente con diagnóstico de lesión del fascículo lateral del plexo braquial derecho y lesión alta del nervio radial homolateral. La estimulación neural, con estímulos graduales y progresivos, permite la diferenciación adecuada de los nervios mediano, cubital, musculocutáneo y cutáneo braquial lateral, el fascículo motor del nervio cubital que inerva el músculo cubital anterior, y el fascículo motor del nervio musculocutáneo que inerva el bíceps, lo que posibilita la neurotización entre ambos fascículos. Caso 2: paciente con diagnóstico de lesión total del plexo braquial izquierdo, posganglionar. Luego de la exploración y neurólisis, se identificó el tronco superior, se efectuó la estimulación eléctrica gradual, lo que requirió una elevada intensidad, y se registó, únicamente, como respuesta motora evocada la contracción débil del músculo pectoral mayor ipsilateral. Conclusiones: La utilización de un neuroestimulador de anestesia regional para la localización neural durante la cirugía del plexo braquial, presenta ventajas prácticas relevantes en relación con los neuroestimuladores desechables, así como una relación costo-beneficio apropiada para su implementación en entornos y naciones de recursos limitados(AU)

Introduction: Intraoperative neurostimulation is an essential technique during brachial plexus surgery, as it allows the specific identification of neural structures. In certain circumstances, the precise intensity of nerve stimulation and the evoked motor response are fundamental for making critical decisions during the surgical act. Objective: Describe the use of a neurostimulator of regional anaesthesia for intraoperative neural localization during brachial plexus surgery in two patients. Case presentation: Case 1: patient diagnosed with lesion of the lateral fasciculus of the right brachial plexus and high lesion of the homolateral radial nerve. Neural stimulation, with gradual and progressive stimuli, allows the adequate differentiation of the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous and lateral brachial cutaneous nerves, the motor fasciculus of the ulnar nerve that innervates the anterior ulnar muscle, and the motor fasciculus of the musculocutaneous nerve that innervates the biceps, which enables neurotization between both fascicles. Case 2: patient diagnosed with total lesion of the left brachial plexus, postganglionic. After the exploration and neurolysis, the upper trunk was identified, the gradual electrical stimulation was carried out, which required a high intensity, and the weak contraction of the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle was recorded only as an evoked motor response. Conclusions: The use of a neurostimulator of regional anesthesia for neural localization during brachial plexus surgery presents relevant practical advantages in relation to disposable neurostimulators, as well as an appropriate cost-benefit ratio for their implementation in environments and nations of limited resources(AU)

Eficácia da eletroestimulação no tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço: uma metanálise / Effectiveness of electrostimulation in treating stress urinary incontinence: a metanalysis

Introdução: A eletroestimulação é reconhecida como uma das terapias fundamentais na reeducação esfincteriana e do períneo, ao promover a contração dos músculos e permitir ao paciente tomar consciência de si mesmo. Ela induz a contração dos MAP até o restabelecimento da voluntariedade do comando contrátil e ganho de força muscular, garantindo um bom funcionamento das fibras estriadas do esfíncter uretral externo, proporcionando a continência urinária. Objetivo: Identificar a frequência mais utilizada na eletroestimulação para a recuperação da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) em mulheres e homens; verificar a eficácia da eletroestimulação no tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados US National Library of Medicine (Medline), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl e Sport Discus, com os descritores incontinência urinária, eletroestimulação e estimulação elétrica, por experimentos controlados randomizados (ECR). Foram incluídos estudos com pacientes homens e mulheres de qualquer idade com IUE, que foram submetidos a eletroestimulação, selecionados pela escala Jadad e avaliado o risco de viés pela ferramenta da Colaboração Cochrane. Dos estudos foram extraídos a idade e sexo dos pacientes, n dos grupos, frequência utilizada na eletroestimulação, duração da sessão, quantidade de sessões, duração do tratamento, avaliação da IUE e o resultado da IUE. Foi utilizado para avaliar o nível de evidência da metanálise o sistema GRADE. Foram metanalisados 8 estudos utilizando-se o RevMan 5.3. Resultados: A frequência mais utilizada na eletroestimulação foi de 50 Hz em mulheres e em homens. Foram identificados 172 ECR, dos quais 26 ECR foram revisados e 8 ECR foram metanalisados. Seis ECR eram com mulheres e apresentaram heterogeneidade (I2 = 48%), redução da IUE de -12,08 g, IC 95% de -14,08 - 10,08 g, P < 0,00001. Para homens, 2 ECR que apresentaram heterogeneidade (I2 = 0%), redução da IUE de -151,28 g, IC de -236,64 - 65,92 g, P < 0,0005. Conclusão: A frequência mais utilizada na eletroestimulação para recuperar a continência urinária de mulheres com IUE e homens com IU pós-prostatectomia foi a de 50 Hz e se mostrou eficaz na recuperação da continência. Entretanto, recomenda-se atenção em relação aos resultados obtidos com os homens, devido ao muito baixo nível de evidência encontrado. (AU)

Microagulhamento versus microcorrente galvânica associada ao peeling químico em estrias albas / Microneedling versus galvanic microcurrent associated with chemical peel in striae alba

Introdução: As estrias são as lesões elementares de pele que acometem mais o sexo feminino. Podem ser decorrentes de múltiplas etiologias, como fatores genéticos, hormonais e mecânicos. As principais formas de tratamento incluem as técnicas de microagulhamento, galvanopuntura e peeling químico. Objetivo: Comparar a influência da utilização do microagulhamento e da microcorrente galvânica associada ao peeling químico sobre a aparência de estrias albas na região glútea de mulheres jovens. Métodos: Realizou-se em 11 mulheres de fototipo de pele II a V de acordo com Fitzpatrick, com idade média de 22,18 ± 2,04 anos, com estrias albas na região do glúteo, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos: microagulhamento (GM) (N = 6) e microcorrente galvânica associada ao peeling químico (GMgP) (N = 5) e foram avaliadas por imagens do pré e pós-tratamento. Resultados: Foi possível observar melhora do aspecto das estrias em ambos os grupos, contudo, avaliando qualitativamente, o grupo GM obteve melhores resultados. Conclusão: Foi possível perceber melhores resultados utilizando a técnica de microagulhamento, tanto em relação a tolerância da dor e adesão ao tratamento, quanto em relação a aparência e textura das estrias. (AU)

Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation, Interferential Current and Photobiomodulation May Lead to the Recurrence of Breast Cancer in Rats? / Estimulação Elétrica Transcutânea, Corrente Interferencial e Fotobiomodulação podem levar à Recorrência do Câncer de Mama em Ratas? / ¿La Estimulación Eléctrica Transcutánea, la Corriente Interferencial y la Fotobiomodulación pueden Provocar la Recurrencia del Cáncer de Mama en Ratas?

Introduction: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential current therapy (IFC) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have been used in the management of cancer-related pain in adults. However, there are still some controversy regarding the effects of this therapy on tumor cells that may remain after cancer treatment. Objective: To evaluate the risk of recurrence of breast cancer in rats when using TENS, IFC or PBMT. Method: An experimental, randomized, controlled and cross-sectional study. With 90 days of age, 7,12-dimetylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12-DMBA) was administered to rats by gastric gavage to induce mammary cancer. After 120 days the mammary glands of the rats belonging to the group with mammary cancer were removed. Results: 39 female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: 9 rats without induction of mammary carcinoma; 9 rats with induction of mammary carcinoma and without surgery; 9 rats with induction of mammary carcinoma with surgery and placebo application of TENS, IFC, PBMT; 9 rats with induction of mammary carcinoma, surgery and the application of TENS, IFC and PBMT. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there was local recurrence of tumors in rats that were stimulated with TENS or IFC, however no evidence of local recurrence with PBMT

Introdução: Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS), corrente interferencial (IFC) e fotobiomodulação (PBMT) são usadas no tratamento da dor relacionada ao câncer em adultos. No entanto, ainda existem algumas controvérsias sobre os efeitos dessa terapia nas células tumorais que podem permanecer após o tratamento do câncer. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de recorrência de câncer de mama em ratos ao usar TENS, IFC ou PBMT. Método: Estudo experimental, randomizado, controlado e transversal. Com 90 dias de idade, 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antraceno (7,12-DMBA) foi administrado em ratos por gavagem gástrica para induzir câncer mamário. Após 120 dias, as glândulas mamárias das ratas pertencentes ao grupo com câncer mamário foram retiradas. Resultados: Foram estudados 39 ratos-fêmeas Sprague-Dawley: nove ratos sem indução de carcinoma mamário; nove ratos com indução de carcinoma mamário e sem cirurgia; nove ratos com indução de carcinoma mamário com cirurgia e placebo, aplicação de TENS, IFC, PBMT; nove ratos com indução de carcinoma mamário, cirurgia e aplicação de TENS, IFC e PBMT. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que houve recorrência local de tumores em ratos que foram estimulados com TENS ou IFC, no entanto, nenhuma evidência de recorrência local com PBMT

Introducción: Estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea (TENS), interferencial corriente (IFC) y la terapia de fotobiomodulación (PBMT) en el tratamiento del dolor relacionado con el cáncer en adultos. Sin embargo, todavía quedan algunas controversias sobre los efectos de esta terapia en las células tumorales que pueden permanecer después del tratamiento del cáncer. Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo de recurrencia del cáncer de mama en ratos cuando se usa TENS, IFC o PBMT. Método: Estudio experimental, aleatorizado, controlado y transversal. Con 90 días de edad, se administró 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antraceno (7,12-DMBA) a ratos por sonda gástrica para inducir cáncer de mama. Después de 120 días, las glándulas mamarias de las ratas pertenecientes al grupo con cáncer de mama fueron extraídas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 39 ratos-hembras Sprague-Dawley: nueve ratos sin inducción de carcinoma de mama; nueve ratos con inducción de carcinoma mamario y sin cirugía; nueve ratos con inducción de carcinoma mamario con cirugía y placebo aplicación de TENS, IFC, PBMT; nueve ratos con inducción de carcinoma mamario, cirugía y la aplicación de TENS, IFC y PBMT. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que hubo recurrencia local de tumores en ratos que fueron estimulados con TENS o IFC, sin embargo, no hay evidencia de recurrencia local con PBMT

Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation, Interferential Current and Photobiomodulation May Lead to the Recurrence of Breast Cancer in Rats? / Estimulação Elétrica Transcutânea, Corrente Interferencial e Fotobiomodulação podem levar à Recorrência do Câncer de Mama em Ratas? / ¿La Estimulación Eléctrica Transcutánea, la Corriente Interferencial y la Fotobiomodulación pueden Provocar la Recurrencia del Cáncer de Mama en Ratas?

Introduction: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential current therapy (IFC) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have been used in the management of cancer-related pain in adults. However, there are still some controversy regarding the effects of this therapy on tumor cells that may remain after cancer treatment. Objective: To evaluate the risk of recurrence of breast cancer in rats when using TENS, IFC or PBMT. Method: An experimental, randomized, controlled and cross-sectional study. With 90 days of age, 7,12-dimetylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12-DMBA) was administered to rats by gastric gavage to induce mammary cancer. After 120 days the mammary glands of the rats belonging to the group with mammary cancer were removed. Results: 39 female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: 9 rats without induction of mammary carcinoma; 9 rats with induction of mammary carcinoma and without surgery; 9 rats with induction of mammary carcinoma with surgery and placebo application of TENS, IFC, PBMT; 9 rats with induction of mammary carcinoma, surgery and the application of TENS, IFC and PBMT. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there was local recurrence of tumors in rats that were stimulated with TENS or IFC, however no evidence of local recurrence with PBMT

Introdução: Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS), corrente interferencial (IFC) e fotobiomodulação (PBMT) são usadas no tratamento da dor relacionada ao câncer em adultos. No entanto, ainda existem algumas controvérsias sobre os efeitos dessa terapia nas células tumorais que podem permanecer após o tratamento do câncer. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de recorrência de câncer de mama em ratos ao usar TENS, IFC ou PBMT. Método: Estudo experimental, randomizado, controlado e transversal. Com 90 dias de idade, 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antraceno (7,12-DMBA) foi administrado em ratos por gavagem gástrica para induzir câncer mamário. Após 120 dias, as glândulas mamárias das ratas pertencentes ao grupo com câncer mamário foram retiradas. Resultados: Foram estudados 39 ratos-fêmeas Sprague-Dawley: nove ratos sem indução de carcinoma mamário; nove ratos com indução de carcinoma mamário e sem cirurgia; nove ratos com indução de carcinoma mamário com cirurgia e placebo, aplicação de TENS, IFC, PBMT; nove ratos com indução de carcinoma mamário, cirurgia e aplicação de TENS, IFC e PBMT. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que houve recorrência local de tumores em ratos que foram estimulados com TENS ou IFC, no entanto, nenhuma evidência de recorrência local com PBMT

Introducción: Estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea (TENS), interferencial corriente (IFC) y la terapia de fotobiomodulación (PBMT) en el tratamiento del dolor relacionado con el cáncer en adultos. Sin embargo, todavía quedan algunas controversias sobre los efectos de esta terapia en las células tumorales que pueden permanecer después del tratamiento del cáncer. Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo de recurrencia del cáncer de mama en ratos cuando se usa TENS, IFC o PBMT. Método: Estudio experimental, aleatorizado, controlado y transversal. Con 90 días de edad, se administró 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antraceno (7,12-DMBA) a ratos por sonda gástrica para inducir cáncer de mama. Después de 120 días, las glándulas mamarias de las ratas pertenecientes al grupo con cáncer de mama fueron extraídas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 39 ratos-hembras Sprague-Dawley: nueve ratos sin inducción de carcinoma de mama; nueve ratos con inducción de carcinoma mamario y sin cirugía; nueve ratos con inducción de carcinoma mamario con cirugía y placebo aplicación de TENS, IFC, PBMT; nueve ratos con inducción de carcinoma mamario, cirugía y la aplicación de TENS, IFC y PBMT. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que hubo recurrencia local de tumores en ratos que fueron estimulados con TENS o IFC, sin embargo, no hay evidencia de recurrencia local con PBMT

A importância da intervenção fisioterapêutica no vaginismo: uma revisão sistemática / The importance of physiotherapeutic intervention in vaginism: a systematic review

Objetivo: Descrever a importância da intervenção fisioterapêutica para mulheres com vaginismo. Fonte de dados: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Literatura Cinza, incluindo artigos nacionais e internacionais, sem delimitação temporal. Foram propostas para as buscas as seguintes palavras-chave e operadores boleanos: [("vaginismus") AND ("physiotherapy" OR "intervention" OR "efficiency")], sendo esses posteriormente adequados para as demais bases que foram utilizadas nesta revisão sistemática. Seleção dos estudos: A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por três examinadores independentes. Coleta de dados: Inicialmente foram excluídos estudos com base no título, em seguida os resumos foram analisados e, dos 353 artigos encontrados inicialmente, quatro foram elegíveis para esta revisão. Síntese dos dados: Os artigos incluídos descreveram que o tratamento fisioterapêutico é de extrema importância para as mulheres com vaginismo, pois aumenta a força e o controle sobre a musculatura do assoalho pélvico, diminuindo os sintomas do vaginismo e promovendo o incremento da satisfação sexual. Conclusão: A intervenção fisioterapêutica é imprescindível para mulheres que apresentam vaginismo, tendo em vista que suas técnicas têm efetividade na prevenção e tratamento do vaginismo, além de promover melhora importante na qualidade de vida e na satisfação sexual das mulheres.(AU)

Objective: To describe the importance of physical therapy intervention for women with vaginismus. Data source: The SciELO, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Gray Literature databases were used, including national and international articles, without temporal delimitation. The following keywords and Boolean operators were proposed for the searches: [("vaginismus") AND ("physiotherapy" OR "intervention" OR "efficiency")], which were later suitable for the other bases that were used in this systematic review. Study selection: Study selection was performed by three independent examiners. Data collection: Initially, studies were excluded based on the title, then the abstracts were analyzed and of the 353 articles found initially, 4 were eligible for this review. Data synthesis: The articles included described that physical therapy treatment is extremely important for women with vaginismus, as it increases strength and control over the pelvic floor muscles, decreasing the symptoms of vaginismus and promoting increased sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Physical therapy intervention is essential for women who have vaginismus, considering that its techniques are effective in preventing and treating vaginismus, in addition to promoting an important improvement in women's quality of life and sexual satisfaction.(AU)

Regulatory effects of bio-intensity electric field on transformation of human skin fibroblasts / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effects of bio-intensity electric field on the transformation of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). Methods: The experimental research methods were used. HSFs were collected and divided into 200 mV/mm electric field group treated with 200 mV/mm electric field for 6 h and simulated electric field group placed in the electric field device without electricity for 6 h. Changes in morphology and arrangement of cells were observed in the living cell workstation; the number of cells at 0 and 6 h of treatment was recorded, and the rate of change in cell number was calculated; the direction of cell movement, movement velocity, and trajectory velocity within 3 h were observed and calculated (the number of samples was 34 in the simulated electric field group and 30 in 200 mV/mm electric field group in the aforementioned experiments); the protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in cells after 3 h of treatment was detected by immunofluorescence method (the number of sample was 3). HSFs were collected and divided into simulated electric field group placed in the electric field device without electricity for 3 h, and 100 mV/mm electric field group, 200 mV/mm electric field group, and 400 mV/mm electric field group which were treated with electric fields of corresponding intensities for 3 h. Besides, HSFs were divided into simulated electric field group placed in the electric field device without electricity for 6 h, and electric field treatment 1 h group, electric field treatment 3 h group, and electric field treatment 6 h group treated with 200 mV/mm electric field for corresponding time. The protein expressions of α-SMA and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western blotting (the number of sample was 3). Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, independent sample t test, and least significant difference test. Results: After 6 h of treatment, compared with that in simulated electric field group, the cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group were elongated in shape and locally adhered; the cells in simulated electric field group were randomly arranged, while the cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group were arranged in a regular longitudinal direction; the change rates in the number of cells in the two groups were similar (P>0.05). Within 3 h of treatment, the cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group had an obvious tendency to move toward the positive electrode, and the cells in simulated electric field group moved around the origin; compared with those in simulated electric field group, the movement velocity and trajectory velocity of the cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group were increased significantly (with Z values of -5.33 and -5.41, respectively, P<0.01), and the directionality was significantly enhanced (Z=-4.39, P<0.01). After 3 h of treatment, the protein expression of α-SMA of cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group was significantly higher than that in simulated electric field group (t=-9.81, P<0.01). After 3 h of treatment, the protein expressions of α-SMA of cells in 100 mV/mm electric field group, 200 mV/mm electric field group, and 400 mV/mm electric field group were 1.195±0.057, 1.606±0.041, and 1.616±0.039, respectively, which were significantly more than 0.649±0.028 in simulated electric field group (P<0.01). Compared with that in 100 mV/mm electric field group, the protein expressions of α-SMA of cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group and 400 mV/mm electric field group were significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein expressions of α-SMA of cells in electric field treatment 1 h group, electric field treatment 3 h group, and electric field treatment 6 h group were 0.730±0.032, 1.561±0.031, and 1.553±0.045, respectively, significantly more than 0.464±0.020 in simulated electric field group (P<0.01). Compared with that in electric field treatment 1 h group, the protein expressions of α-SMA in electric field treatment 3 h group and electric field treatment 6 h group were significantly increased (P<0.01). After 3 h of treatment, compared with that in simulated electric field group, the protein expressions of PCNA of cells in 100 mV/mm electric field group, 200 mV/mm electric field group, and 400 mV/mm electric field group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with that in 100 mV/mm electric field group, the protein expressions of PCNA of cells in 200 mV/mm electric field group and 400 mV/mm electric field group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with that in 200 mV/mm electric field group, the protein expression of PCNA of cells in 400 mV/mm electric field group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with that in simulated electric field group, the protein expressions of PCNA of cells in electric field treatment 1 h group, electric field treatment 3 h group, and electric field treatment 6 h group were significantly decreased (P<0.01); compared with that in electric field treatment 1 h group, the protein expressions of PCNA of cells in electric field treatment 3 h group and electric field treatment 6 h group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with that in electric field treatment 3 h group, the protein expression of PCNA of cells in electric field treatment 6 h group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions: The bio-intensity electric field can induce the migration of HSFs and promote the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and the transformation displays certain dependence on the time and intensity of electric field.

Avaliação da adaptação da corrente interferencial nas formas bipolar e tetrapolar em mulheres com lombalgia crônica não específica: ensaio clínico cruzado / Evaluation of interferential current adaptation in bipolar and tetrapolar forms in women with chronic non-specific low back pain: cross-over clinical trial

INTRODUÇÃO: A corrente interferencial é uma modalidade bastante utilizada, porém, apresenta como fator limitante a quantidade de acomodações, o que é comum em eletroestimulação. Apesar de possuir alguns recursos que visam reduzir a adaptação fisiológica, não é totalmente eficaz; neste sentido, pode haver diferenças devido à técnica de uso. Assim, o presente estudo pretendeu analisar se há diferenças na adaptação para as formas bipolar ou tetrapolar em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica não específica. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico cruzado, composto por 15 voluntárias com dor lombar crônica não específica, as quais receberam terapia bipolar ou tetrapolar em semanas subsequentes. Foi explicado sobre a adaptação à corrente e o que deveria avisar quando ocorresse, e, desta forma, foi computado o número de vezes em que o fenômeno ocorreu, o tempo necessário até ocorrer a primeira adaptação, a intensidade inicial da corrente utilizada e o quanto aumentou-se após a primeira adaptação. RESULTADOS: Para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre as duas técnicas (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: As técnicas analisadas não mostraram diferenças na adaptação em mulheres jovens com dor lombar não específica.

INTRODUCTION: The interferential current is a widely used modality; however, it presents as a limiting factor the amount of accommodation, which is common in electrostimulation. Despite having some resources that aim to reduce physiological adaptation, it is not fully effective in this sense, but there may be differences due to the technique of use. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze whether there are differences in the accommodation for bi- or tetrapolar forms in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain. METHODS: Crossover clinical study, consisting of 15 volunteers with chronic nonspecific low back pain, who received bipolar or tetrapolar therapy in subsequent weeks. They were explained about the current accommodation and that they should be told when it occurred, and in this way, the number of times that the phenomenon occurred, the time needed until the first accommodation occurred, the initial intensity of the current used, and how much it increased after the first accommodation were computed. RESULTS: None of the variables analyzed had a significant difference between the two techniques (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The techniques analyzed showed no differences in accommodation in young women with nonspecific low back pain.

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in patients with supraspinatus tendon tear

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound (US), and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) combination with TENS and US therapy alone in patients with supraspinatus tear. METHODS: Forty patients were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as follows: PEMF (n=20) and Sham (n=20) groups. PEMF was applied to the first group at a frequency of 50 Hz, 25 G intensity, and 20 min/session. The device was turned off while PEMF was applied to the second group. Diathermy (US) and electrotherapy (TENS) were applied to both groups for 10 sessions. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were used as outcome measures. RESULTS: In both groups, there was a significant improvement in the NRS, UCLA Shoulder Scale, and SPADI scores after treatment compared with pretreatment (p<0.05). In the comparison of the difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment measurement values between the groups, no significant difference was found between PEMF and Sham groups according to the NRS (p=0.165), UCLA Shoulder Scale (p=0.141), and SPADI (p=0.839) scores. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, a combination of PEMF therapy with conventional physical therapy modalities was not found to be superior to the conventional therapy alone, and adding it to the routine treatment of symptomatic supraspinatus tear would not provide any additional benefit.

Therapeutic effects of sacral neuromodulation on detrusor underactivity / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) on detrusor underactivity (DUA).@*METHODS@#From December 2019 to April 2020, 6 patients with DUA who had been treated with SNM were assessed retrospectively. The average age was 58 years (46-65 years), with 3 males and 3 females. All the patients were diagnosed with DUA by urodynamics examination. Obstruction of bladder outlet was excluded through the cystoscopy. No patient had the history of neurological disease. All the patients were placed with the bladder colostomy tube before SNM. One female patient accepted the trans-urethral resection of bladder neck. Two male patients accepted the trans-urethral resection of prostate. All the 3 patients had no improvement of void symptom after the urethral operation. Before SNM, the average 24 h times of voiding was 23.8 (18-33), average volume of every voiding was 34.2 mL (10-50 mL), average residual volume was 421.7 mL (350-520 mL). The preoperative and postoperative 24 h urine frequency, average voided volume, and average residual urine volume were compared respectively.@*RESULTS@#Totally 6 patients underwent SNM with stage Ⅰ procedure. The operation time for stage Ⅰ procedure was 62-135 min (average 90 min). After an average follow-up of two weeks, stage Ⅱ procedure was performed on responders. Four patients accepted stage Ⅱ procedure (conversion rate 66.7%), the other two patients refused the stage Ⅱ procedure because the urine frequency did not reach the satisfied level. But all the patients had the improvement of residual urine volume. For the 4 patients at the follow-up of 10-15 months, the improvement of void was still obvious. For the all patients after stage Ⅰ procedure, the average 24 h urine frequency reduced to 13.5 times (9-18 times, P < 0.001), the average voided volume increased to 192.5 mL (150-255 mL, P < 0.001), and the average residual urine volume reduced to 97.5 mL (60-145 mL, P < 0.001). No adverse events, such as wound infection or electrode translocation were detected during an average follow-up of 11.3 months. Only one of the 4 patients who received the stage Ⅱ procedure did the intermittent catheterization for one time each day.@*CONCLUSION@#SNM provides a minimal invasive approach for the management of DUA.

Eletroestimulação funcional associada à fonação em mulheres sem alterações vocais / Functional electrostimulation associated with phonation in women without vocal disorders

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o efeito imediato da corrente elétrica excitomotora, denominada FES, na qualidade vocal e no tempo máximo de fonação (TMF), e possíveis desconfortos, em mulheres sem alteração vocal, com aplicação em intensidade máxima suportada (IMS) e associada à fonação. Método Estudo experimental com 20 mulheres adultas normofônicas. Elas emitiram a vogal /a/ sustentada e depois foi aplicada a FES durante emissão da mesma vogal. Foram cinco séries com três minutos de emissão cada, intercaladas com descanso passivo; o estímulo elétrico foi na IMS pela participante, ajustado por série. Antes e após as emissões as vozes foram gravadas e coletados os TMF e a intensidade dos estímulos. A qualidade vocal foi classificada por juízes. Foram comparados os dados pré e pós emissão/eletroestimulação em cada fase. A análise qualitativa foi realizada a partir de sintomas autorreferidos. Resultados Não houve diferença na qualidade vocal e nos TMF entre os momentos pré e pós nas duas fases. A diferença entre a IMS e a intensidade de percepção do estímulo foi maior na série 1 em relação à série 2. Houve aumento da IMS na série 5 em relação à série 1. Não foram relatados sintomas negativos imediatos ou em até 48 horas após os procedimentos. Conclusão A corrente FES em IMS, associada à fonação, não gerou mudança imediata na qualidade vocal, nos TMF ou desconfortos autorreferidos pelas mulheres sem alteração vocal, mesmo com aumento gradual do estímulo.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the immediate effect of the Excitomotor Electrical Current, called Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), on vocal quality, Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) and possible discomfort, in women without vocal alteration, with application at Maximum Supported Intensity (MSI) and associated with phonation. Methods Experimental study with 20 normophonic adult women. They emitted the sustained vowel / a / and then it was applied to FES during emission of the same vowel. There were five series with three minutes of emission each, interspersed with passive rest. The electrical stimulus was at the MSI by the participant, adjusted by series. Before and after the emissions the voices were recorded and the MPT and the intensity of the stimuli were collected. The vocal quality was rated by judges. Statistical analysis made it possible to compare pre and post emission / electrostimulation data in each phase. Qualitative analysis was performed based on self-reported symptoms. Results There was no difference in vocal quality and MPT between pre and post moments in both phases. The difference between MSI and stimulus perception intensity was greater in series 1 than in series 2. There was an increase in MSI in series 5 compared to series 1. No significant negative symptoms or within 48h after procedures were reported. Conclusion The FES at MSI, associated with phonation, did not generate an immediate change in vocal quality, in the MPT or self-reported discomforts by women without vocal alteration, even with a gradual increase in the stimulus, series by series.

EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and clinical application / 医学前沿

Stroke is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human life and health. It is a major cause of death and disability in the clinic. New strategies for motor rehabilitation after stroke are undergoing exploration. We aimed to develop a novel artificial neural rehabilitation system, which integrates brain-computer interface (BCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) technologies, for limb motor function recovery after stroke. We conducted clinical trials (including controlled trials) in 32 patients with chronic stroke. Patients were randomly divided into the BCI-FES group and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group. The changes in outcome measures during intervention were compared between groups, and the trends of ERD values based on EEG were analyzed for BCI-FES group. Results showed that the increase in Fugl Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Kendall Manual Muscle Testing (Kendall MMT) scores of the BCI-FES group was significantly higher than that in the sham group, which indicated the practicality and superiority of the BCI-FES system in clinical practice. The change in the laterality coefficient (LC) values based on μ-ERD (ΔLC

Is there a role for sacral neuromodulation in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction?

ABSTRACT Purpose To review current literature regarding sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) focused on indications, barriers and latest technological developments. Material and Methods A PubMed database search was performed in April 2020, focusing on SNM and various neuro-urological conditions. Results SNM has been increasingly indicated for lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in neuro-urological patients. Most studies are cases series with several methodological limitations and limited follow-up, lacking standardized definition for SNM clinical success. Most series focused on neurogenic overactive bladder in spinal cord injured (incomplete lesions) and multiple sclerosis patients. Barriers for applying this therapy in neurogenic LUTD were mainly related to magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility, size of the implantable pulse generator (IPG), and battery depletion. Newer technological advances have been made to address these limitations and will be widely available in the near future. Conclusions SNM seems a promising therapy for neurogenic LUTD in carefully selected patients with incomplete lesions. Further studies are still needed to define which subgroups of neurological patients benefit the most from this minimally invasive technique.

Physiotherapeutic resources in vaginismus / Recursos fisioterapêuticos no vaginismo

Vaginismus consists of involuntary spasms in the external musculature of the vagina, the etiology of which is still unknown, but there are cases of biopsychosocial factors such as sexual abuse, strict sex, education, emotional trauma, religious beliefs, low-quality sexual relations, fear of sex, or even changes of ostemioarticular origin, can lead to this condition, making vaginal penetration impossible during sexual intercourse, gynecological exams or use of tampons. Objective: To highlight as physical therapy practices, their validation for the treatment of vaginismus and to verify the effectiveness of the analyzed practices. Methods: Systematic literature review carried out through digital bibliographic research on scientific articles published in electronic and electronic journals, randomized clinical trials, with no period between the years 2010 to 2020, in the electronic databases PubMed, Bireme and PEDro. Results: There was no great variability in the resources used and the studies showed positive and similar results. Conclusion: Physical therapy proved to be beneficial for cases of vaginismus, with the use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in an analogue way, pelvic floor muscle relaxation exercises, local desensitization performed with vaginal dilator and massage. However, more research is needed, considering the moderate methodological scores found in the studies analyzed. (AU)

Vaginismo consiste em espasmos involuntários na musculatura do terço externo da vagina, com etiologia ainda desconhecida, mas há evidências de que fatores biopsicossociais como abuso sexual, sexo estrito, educação, trauma emocional, crenças religiosas, relações sexuais de baixa qualidade, medo do sexo, ou mesmo alterações de origem osteomioarticular, podem acarretar nesta condição, impossibilitando a penetração vaginal em relações sexuais, exames ginecológicos ou no uso de absorventes internos. Objetivo: Evidenciar as práticas fisioterapêuticas, sua validação para o tratamento do vaginismo e verificar a eficácia das práticas analisadas. Material e métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura realizada através de busca bibliográfica digital em artigos científicos publicados em revistas impressas e eletrônicas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2010 a março de 2020, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Bireme e Pedro. Resultados: Não houve grande variabilidade dos recursos utilizados e os estudos apresentaram resultados positivos e semelhantes. Conclusão: A fisioterapia mostrou-se benéfica para os casos de vaginismo, com a utilização de estimulação elétrica funcional (FES) de forma analgésica, exercícios de relaxamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, dessensibilização local realizada com dilatador vaginal e massagem. No entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias, tendo em vista os escores metodológicos moderados encontrados nos estudos analisados. (AU)